Introduction
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It occurs when malignant cells form in the lining of the stomach, often developing silently until it reaches an advanced stage. Early detection and advanced treatment options are crucial in managing and treating the disease effectively. Singapore has emerged as a leading medical destination for Gastric cancer treatment in Singapore due to its world-class healthcare infrastructure, highly skilled specialists, and cutting-edge medical technology.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of gastric cancer is still unknown, but several risk factors contribute to its development. These include:
- Helicobacter pylori infection – A common bacterial infection linked to stomach ulcers and increased cancer risk.
- Dietary factors – High consumption of salty, smoked, or processed foods.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption – These habits significantly elevate the risk of gastric cancer.
- Genetic predisposition – A family history of gastric cancer may increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle – Poor dietary habits and lack of exercise may contribute to the risk.
- Age and gender – Gastric cancer is more prevalent in older individuals and is slightly more common in men.
Symptoms of Gastric Cancer
Early-stage gastric cancer often presents no symptoms, making it difficult to detect. However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
- Persistent indigestion or heartburn
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting (sometimes with blood)
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Fatigue and weakness
Diagnostic Methods
Singapore is known for its advanced diagnostic tools that enable early detection and accurate staging of gastric cancer. Common diagnostic procedures include:
- Endoscopy (Gastroscopy) – A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the stomach lining.
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is collected during endoscopy and examined for cancer cells.
- CT Scan and MRI – Imaging tests help determine the extent and spread of cancer.
- PET-CT Scan – A more advanced imaging technique to detect metastasis.
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) – Used to assess the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node involvement.
- Blood Tests and Tumor Markers – Help detect abnormal levels of proteins associated with cancer.
Treatment Options in Singapore
The treatment approach for gastric cancer depends on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. Singapore offers a range of treatment options, ensuring personalized care for every patient.
1. Surgery
Surgery is often the primary treatment for localized gastric cancer. Surgical procedures include:
- Endoscopic Resection – For very early-stage cancer, tumors may be removed using an endoscope.
- Subtotal Gastrectomy – Partial removal of the stomach.
- Total Gastrectomy – Complete removal of the stomach, often accompanied by reconstruction of the digestive tract.
- Lymph Node Dissection – Removal of nearby lymph nodes to prevent cancer spread.
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors before surgery. It can be used:
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy – Given before surgery to reduce tumor size.
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy – Administered after surgery to prevent recurrence.
- Palliative Chemotherapy – Used in advanced cases to manage symptoms and prolong survival.
3. Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It is commonly used in combination with surgery and chemotherapy to improve treatment outcomes.
4. Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Drugs such as Herceptin (trastuzumab) and ramucirumab are used to treat advanced gastric cancer with HER2-positive tumors.
5. Immunotherapy
Singapore has made significant strides in immunotherapy, which enhances the body's immune system to fight cancer. Medications such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have shown promising results in certain gastric cancer cases.
Why Choose Singapore for Gastric Cancer Treatment?
Singapore is a preferred destination for medical treatment due to several reasons:
- Top-Tier Medical Institutions – Hospitals such as the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), Singapore General Hospital (SGH), and Parkway Cancer Centre offer world-class treatment.
- Experienced Oncologists and Surgeons – Highly trained specialists provide comprehensive cancer care.
- Advanced Technology and Research – Singapore is at the forefront of cancer research and innovative treatments.
- Personalized and Multidisciplinary Care – Tailored treatment plans ensure the best possible outcomes.
- Efficient and High-Quality Healthcare System – Short waiting times and excellent patient care make Singapore an attractive medical destination.
Conclusion
Gastric cancer is a serious disease that requires prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Singapore has established itself as a global leader in gastric cancer treatment, offering cutting-edge medical advancements, world-class healthcare facilities, and highly experienced specialists. Patients seeking high-quality and comprehensive gastric cancer treatment can benefit from Singapore’s advanced healthcare system, which prioritizes patient-centered care and optimal treatment outcomes. Early detection and timely intervention remain the key to improving survival rates and enhancing the quality of life for gastric cancer patients.